Chaka Chatsopano kwa Nonse

Ndikulandireni mwapadera abale nonse amene mumakonda kuwerenga nkhani pa bwalo lino. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwachimaliza bwino chaka cha 2011, ndipo mwayambapo kukwaniritsa ena mwa malingaliro amene muli nawo a mchilumika chino cha 2012.

Chaka cha 2011 chinali chopambana ku chiyankhulo cha Chichewa chifukwa pali zinthu zingapo zimene zinachitika zomwe zakupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsidwa kwa Chichewa pa utatavu ndi m'kopsuta. Mwa zina, mphunzitsi wa sukulu ina ya ukachenjede ku Amereka, a Kelvin Scannell, anatsegula madambwe awiri: http://indigenoustweets.com ndi http://indigenousblogs.com omwe akupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ziyankhulo zachimidzimidzi pa utatavupa. http://indigenousblogs.com ndi ndala chabe la indigenoustweets.com/blogs.

Kwa amene sanamvepo za madabwewa, tingonena mopaza. indigenoustweets.com imatolera mitongoliro pa Twitter kaundula wa akadyolidyoli a ziyankhulo zosiyanasiyana. Apapa dzina loti akadyolidyoli silikutanthauza akavuwevuwe osokoneza, koma awa ndi anthu amene amakhala akutumiza timitu tankhani (mitongoliro) pa Twitter kuthandiza enafe kumva zochitika mmaderamu. Momwemo, dambwe la http://indigenousblogs.com limatolera zibaluwa zolembedwa mziyankhulo zimenezi. Dambwe limeneli ndi njira yothandiza kuti mudzitha kupeza nkhani m'ziyakhulo ngati zathuzi mosavuta. Mukudziwa kuti nkhani zambiri pa utatavupa zimakhala m'Chingerezi, m'Chifalaansa ndi ziyankhulo zina zomwe zili ndi mphamvu pa chuma ndi chitukuko. Nkhani za m'Chichewa zimapezeka pa http://indigenousblogs.com/ny (kapenanso ulalo wotanimphirako: http://indigenoustweets.com/blogs/ny). Ndili wokondwa kuti mwa ziyankhulo zina zomwe zilipo, Chichewa chinali chimodzi mwa zoyambirira kuyikidwapo pa m'ndandanda owoneka nawo pa madambwe amenewa.

Mchaka changothachi, ndinakhadzikitsanso dambwe lino lomwe lidzikhala ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza luso la makono monga kompsuta. Kwa ine ndikuona kuti likhala lothandiza poluka mawu atsopano onena zokhudza luso la makono. Kupatula apo, tidzikhalapo ndi nkhani ziwiri pena zitatu za maluso zoti nkuchotsera dalazi m'maso. Kumapeto kwa chakaku, ndinachita nthangwanika zinan'zina monga mukudziwa kuti kumakhala gwiragwira, ndiye ndinangoti du! osalembako kanthu pano. Koma chaka chino ndiyesesa ndithu  kulemba pafupipafupi kuti inunso mudzisangala.

Mchaka cha 2012, ndikuyembekezera zazikulu kuchitika pa nkhani za luso pa Malawi pano. Poti bwamsatsi sawenga mafuta pagulu, sindineneratu kuti kulinji. Koma ndikukhulupirira kuti, mwa zisomo za Chiuta, tabwinotabwino tikhalanso tikutulukira kubwalo. Ndikhulupirira kuti inu musangalala powerenga tikhani ta luso pa dambwe lino.

Zikomo!

Kuyidziwa Kompsuta

Ambirife tinayiwonapo, tiyimadziwa ndipo timagwriritsa ntchito kompsuta. Ena mwina timangowamva mawuwa koma sitimamvetseta kuti ndi makina wotani, nanga amagwira bwanji ntchito. Penanso mwina timasokonezeka tikamva za utatavu, omwe ena amawutcha makina a intaneti. Kodi zinthu zimenezi zimasiyana bwanji? Nanga nzotheka kugwirirtsa ntchito kompsuta popanda utatavu? Kapenanso nzothekanso kodi kugwiritsa ntchito utatavu popanda kompsuta? Lero komanso masabata angapo ali nkudzawa, tikhala tikuunikirana zokhudza kompsuta ndi utatavu ncholinga choti tonse tizimvetsetse zinthu zimenezi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tikhala limodzi poti kandimverere anakanena za mmaluwa.

Kompsuta ndi makina omwe anapangidwa mwaukadaulo oti adzichita kuwerengera ndi kuganiza mozama. Munthu amatha kuyituma kompsuta kuchita zinthu zina ndi zina monga kuwerengera ndalama, kutanthauzira zotsatira za kalembera wa dziko, kulosera nyengo ndi nthawi, kuyendetsera ndege, mwinanso kutsekera ndi kutsekulira nyumba kapena galula.

Makina a kompsuta amenewa mukanthawi kochepa amakwanitsa kuchita zinthu zoti mwina ife bwenzi zikutitengera miyezi ngakhalenso zakazaka tisanamalize, pena chifukwa kulakwitsa ndiye umunthuwo, mwina bwenzi tikungoleka kuti basi zatikanika. Makinawa anapangidwa mwaukachenjede kuti adzitha kutipepuza pochita zinthu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti inu amene mukuwerenga nkhani iyi muli pa kompsuta, ngati ayi ndiye kuti munatsindikiza nkhaniyi pa chikalata kugwiritsa ntchito kompsuta yomweyo.

Ziwalo za Kompsuta (wojambula woyamba: Micro Computer Center)

Makina a kompsuta amenewa ali ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zoti sitingazitchule zonse pano. Koma kompsuta yonse inagawika pawiri ― zikwa ndi ulembo. Zikwa ndi ziwalo zonse za kompsuta zomwe ndi zokhudzika ndi manja. Ulembo ndi ndondomeko ya madongosolo yomwe imalamulira chilinchose zikwa zimachita. Kusiyana ndi zikwa, ulembo suukhudzika ndi manja athuwa. Tikhonza kungoona tizithunzi totilozera mitundu ya ulembo imene ili mu kompsuta mwathu, koma si ulembo uliwonse umene uli ndi tiakalozera timeneti. 

Zikwa zilipo mitundu angapo: chiphenipheni, kachesa, bawo la malembo ndi mlozo. Pa makompsuta ena pamathanso kukhala chinkuzamawu, mikwezamawu ndi makina wotsindikizira zikalata. Ulembo unagawidwa patatu: mwinimudzi, makako ndi madongoloso.

Chiphenipheni chimaoneka ngati kanema. Pamenepa ndi pomwe timaonera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zili mu kompsuta yathu. 

Kachesa ndi amene amakhala ndi ubongo wa kompsuta. Mmenemo mukhala likanda la tizitakataka tathu tonse, dembedza komanso chibaza. Likanda limasunga mabuku athu, nyimbo, makanema komanso upangiri wa madongosolo a kompsuta yathu. Dembedza ndi ubongo wa kompsutayo. Kompsuta imagwiritsa ntchito dembedza pofuna kuchita chiganizo china chilichonse. Chibaza monga mwa dzina lake ndi chida chimene kompsuta imagwiritsa ntchito pofuna tsekula madongosolo ndikusungiramo tinthu koma mwa kanthawi. Zibaza zimachita kusomekedwa. Mukhodza kuchotsamo nkuyika zibaza zosiyana mmakulidwe. Mukhodzanso kuonjezera malingana ngati muli zisomeka zokwanira. Mukatsekula kachesa wa kompsuta, chibaza chimaoneka ngati mtima wa wayilesi.

Bawo la malembo ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi mabutawo amene timagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kulemba kanthu komanso kuyituma kanthu kompsuta. Kompsuta zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi bawo za malembo zosiyanasiyananso. Koma kompsuta zambiri zimakhala ndi mabawo amene ali ndi mabutawo a manambala, a malembo, a chithandizo komanso ena otumira mauthenga ku ulembo wa kompsutazo. Bawo zinanso zimakhala ndi mabutawo owonjezera monga osewerera nyimbo komanso ochitira ntcherupe pa utatavu.

Mlozo ndi kachida kakang'ono kamene timagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuloza, kusankha, kutosa kapena kutsegulira zinthu pa kompsuta. Ena amakatchula kuti mbewa pokasipa chifukwa cha dzina lake la mChingerezi. Milozo ilipo ya nthambo komanso ina yopanda nthambo. Milozo ya nthambo imalimikizidwa ku kompsuta pamene yopanda nthambo imagwira ntchito mwachinunu. Milozo ina imakhala ndi kampira koma yambiri ya makono ili ndi getsi pansi pawo. Mlozo umagwira ntchito powusisititsa pansi posamalika bwino poti usalowe madzi kapena fumbi. Ukamasisita pansipo, mlozowo umayendetsa namlondola pa kompsuta motsatira mmene inu mukuwuyendetseranso. Mlozo umakhalanso ndi mabutawo omwe mukhodza kuthabwanya pofuna kusankhira kapena kutsekulira kanthu pa kompsuta.

Mwinimudzi ndi ulembo umene umalamulira kompsuta yonse kuchita zinthu. Chilichonse chikafuna kuchitika mu kompsuta, monga kutsindikiza chikalata kapena kutsekula dongosolo, chimayamba chapempha chilolezo kwa mwinimudzi. Mwinimudzi ndi amene amadziwa ngati pali malo okwanira mchibaza oti nkuchitirapo kanthu komanso amayang'ana ngati dembedza alibe thangwanikwa zoti nkulepheretsa kuchita ntchito zina zoonjezera. Ulembo wa mwinimudzi uli ngati mzimu, suuoneka koma umagwira ntchito yotamandika ndipo popanda iwo, ndiye kuti kompsuta siingapange kalikonse.

Makako ndi gulu ulembo umene umachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa okha pofuna kuti kompsuta igwire bwino ntchito. Mwa chitsanzo, makako amafufuza nkhuvi zomwe zikudwalitsa kompsuta yathu. Ulembo umenewu umathanso kufufuza madongosolo amene ali owonjezera ku madogosolo omwe alipo kale kuti adzigwira bwino ntchito. Makako amagwira ntchito kwambiri mothandizana ndi mwinimudzi. Chifukwa cha ichi, makako ambiri saoneka. Amagwira ntchito ngati mizimu. Pali makako ena omwe amangopereka uthenga akaona kuti pali chofunika munthu adziwe kapena achite, monga kupalitsa kompsuta pa nyesi za magetsi pamene batile latha mphamvu kapenanso kuchenjeza za kugwedezeka kwa chitetezo cha kompsuta chifukwa chosowa katemera woyiteteza ku nkhuvi.

Dongosolo ndi ndondomeko imene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pochita chinthu pa kompsuta. Zina mwa ndondomeko zimenezi ndi zosewerera nyimbo ndi makanema, zolembera kalata kapenanso zosewerera masewero pa kompsuta. Bawo ya Sekulu, gumbagumba ya Windows Media Player, kalembera wa Microsoft Word ndi zina mwa zitsanzo za madongosolo a pa kompsuta.

E!E! Zikachuluka sizidyeka. Bwanji kwa lero tilekane pamenepa. Sabata ya mawa tidzapitirize kusanthula zina nzina. Ndapita!!

Ngati muli ndi ndemanga pena mafunso mukhodza kulemba pa gawo la ndemanga pansipa kapenanso kunditumizira kalata yoserewula pa keyala izi:

kachaleedmond [pa] gmail [dontho] com kapenanso chichewalocaliser [pa] gmail [dontho] com

Chidziwitso: ndazifwafwaza keyalazi poopa amalengankhuvi. Inu polembapo, mudzatsinthe [pa] kukhala @ ndinso [dontho] kukhala mpumiro ".", opanda mitengeroyi komanso mipata pakati pa mawuwo.

Siwa la pa Utatavu -- Kukumbukira a Steve Jobs

Lero thambo lagwera kopsuta zonse ndipo ng'anga za kompsuta  ndi anthu osiyanasiyana pa dziko lonse ali okhudzidwa ndi kumwalira kwa, bambo Steve Paul Jobs, mmodzi mwa anthu amene anasintha mapangidwe a kompsuta kuyambira pakati pa 1970 kufika chaka chino cha 2011.  A Steve Jobs anatisiya pa 5 Octobala 2011 atavutika  kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mthenda ya khansa ya mu mphafa.

Siwa - Apple.com

 Bambo Steve Paul Jobs anabadwa pa 24 Febuluwale 1955 kwa mwana wa sukulu ya ukachenjede, Joanne Carole Schieble wa ku Amereka. Bambo wake wenieni wa Steve anali Abdulfattah "John" Jandali wa ku Syria.  Abdulfattah ndi  Joanne anapatsana pathupi ali pa sukulu ndiye poona kuti sakanatha kusamala mwanayo, anaganiza zompereka kwa ena kuti amlere. Linali khumbo la amake kuti amtenge anthu okhawo amene anapita ku sukulu za ukachenjede kuti mwanayonso adzapite kusukulu ya ukachenjede.

Pa nthawiyi, panali  anthu angapo amene anawonetsa chidwi ndipo anapikitsana kumchita mayere kuti amtenge mwanayo akabadwa. Makolo amene amamufuna mwana kwambiri anali bambo amene amagwira ntchito yoyimira anthu pa milandu ndi mkazi wawo, koma chifukwa choti anmafuna wamkazi anakana kutenga Steve. Kenako bambo Paul Jobs ndi mkazi wawo, Clara, amane anali asanapiteko ku sukulu ya ukachenjede, anadzipereka kuti amsamalira mwanayo koma atalumbira kuti mwanayo adzampititsa ku sukulu ya ukachenjede monga mmene anafunira mayi wake Joanne.

Steve Jobs ali ndi zaka 17 anapita kusukulu ya ukachenjede ya Reed, yomwe pa nthawiyo inali yodula zedi. Ndalama za makolo ake, a Paul and Clara Jobs, zimathera kulipira sukulu ya mwanayo. Koma Steve anaganiza zoyisiya sukulu chifuwa samaona phindu lake. Sankaziwa kuti adzapanganji mmoyo komanso nanga sukulu idzamthandizanji.

Steve Jobs atasiya sukulu, anayamba kugwira ntchito pa kampani ya Atari, yomwe imapanga masewero a pa kanema. Koma mchaka cha 1976, Steve ndi anzake ena awiri, Steve Wozniak komanso Ronald Wayne, anayambitsa kampani yawo yopanga kompsuta, ya Apple. Wozniak anali mnzake kwambiri wa Steve Jobs kuyambira mu chaka cha 1976, ndiye amakonda kwabasi.. Iwo anasankha apulozi kukhala chizindikiro cha kampani yawo.

Ntchito za manja awo, a Steve Jobs, zikuchitira umboni -- Wojambula Johnathan Mak

Kampani ya Apple inali imodzi mwa kampani zimene mchaka cha 1984 zinayambitsa kupanga kopsuta za mazenera, posiyana ndi kopsuta zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mgwindiro (command line interface). Mmenemo mkuti kampani ya Microsoft isanatulukire ukadaulo wa mazenerawu. Kompsuta zawo zoyambirira zimatchedwanso Apple, koma mchaka cha 1984cho anapanga mtundu wina wa kompsuta ndi kuutcha Macintosh. Makono, Macintosh inavinidwa ndipo imangodziwika ndi dzina loti Mac.

Lero, tikamaona nkhani pa utatavu, zolukidwa bwino mwaluso, zokhala ndi thendo la zithunzi pena makanema, linali loto la Steve kuti kompsuta ikhale yosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Mpaka la lero, Mac ndi kompsuta zochititsa kaso. Kupatula kopsuta, kampani ya Apple yatulutsa lamya za iPhone, gumbagumba za mmanja za iPod, ndi masileti onga kompsuta a iPad mwa zina. Mayina a zinthu zmabiri za ku Apple amayamba ndi "i", monga iMac, iPhone, iPod, iPad, ndi iTunes, mpaka Steve Jobs anapatsidwa ndi dzina la mchezo kuti iSteve.

Kumwalira kwa a Jobs ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa anali mzati wa kampani ya Apple. Tikampeza kuti mlowam'malo!? Anthu ambiri amene amawadziwa a Steve Jobs akhala akupereka mauthenga opepetsa kubanja lawo komanso kampani ya Apple. Ena mwa anthu wotchuka ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Amereka a Barak Obama, mwini kampani ya Microsoft a Bill Gates, mwini  wa chipala cha nkhope (Facebook) a Mark Zuckerberg ndi mzawo wa pamtima a Steve Wozniak.

Pali zambiri zomwe tingathe kukamba za Steve Jobs, koma chifukwa tili pa zovuta, tibaleka kudikira kuti mfumu ikapume kaye. Tidzafotokoza bwino lomwe patsogolo. 

Yaponda thope yamwa!!

Nkhani za luso

Kuyambira lero, ndadzikhuthula ndekha pamaso panu Amalawi kuti ndidzilemba nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza luso la makono. Kusiyana kwa chibaluwa ichi ndi zina zomwe zilipo kale ndi koti, padzikhala nkhani zambiri zolembedwa mChicheŵa koma zokamba za luso la makono. Ganizo limeneli laza chifukwa chakusowa kwa zibaluwa kapenanso madabwe amene amalemba zokhudza lusoli mchiyankhulo chathuchi. Inde poti mwachaje satafuna, pena ndidzitha kusakaniza tinantina poopa kuti maso angachite dalazi.

Ndidziyesetsa kulemba kawirikawiri kuti inu mudzikhala ndi choŵerenga mChicheŵa pa utatavupa. Ndikudziwanso kuti ena mudzivutika kuŵerenga mawu ena olembedwa mchibaluwachi. Choncho ndikonza mtanthauziramawu umene udzikhala ndi mawu amziyankhulo ziwiri, Chicheŵa ndi Chingerezi. Poyambirira pano, mtanthauziramawuwu ukhala pa Google Docs koma kenako, Ambuye akalola, ndiyesa kutsegula dambwe lakelake kuti mudzidzatha kufufuza mosavuta. Kwa iwo amene samadziwa, Google Docs ndi mphasha wa tizitakataka wa pa utatavu wa ulere wopangidwa ndi Google. Mawu ena amene adzigwiritsidwa ntchito pano, mutha kuwasakatulanso pa http://www.chichewadictionary.org/, mtanthauziramawu wolembedwa ndi ng'anga ya ukachenjede, a Steven Paas. 

Komanso ndifotokoze bwino lomwe kuti chifukwa pakali pano Chicheŵa chilibe mawu ambiri okhudza luso la makono, mawu ena ambiri omwe mudziwapeza pano ndi opolongeza ndekha. Ndiye ndikalakwitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mawuwo, chonde nditumizireni kakalata koserewula pa keyala izi: kachaleedmond [pa] gmail [dontho] com kapenanso chichewalocaliser [pa] gmail [dontho] com (ndazifwafwaza keyalazi poopa amalengankhuvi. Inu polembapo, mudzatsinthe [pa] kukhala @ ndinso [dontho] kukhala mpumiro ".", opanda mitengeroyi komanso mipata pakati pa mawuwo.)

Ndikukhulupirira kuti mudzisangalala nazo nkhani zomwe ndidzilemba pano. Mbambadi, Chicheŵa ndi cholama ndi mawu osiyanasiyana, ena oti inenso sindimawadziwabe mpaka lero. Tsono, ndiyesa kuti pano pakhala pa kachere potsitsira nthanthi ndi msinjiro zina za chiyankhulochi zokamba za luso la makono. Ngatinso ena muli nazo nkhani zoti nkugawana, ndiuzeni ndidzayesesa kuziyikapo.